Identifikasi Masalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas PTK
Identifikasi masalah penelitian tindakan kelas atau PTK dapat dilakukan guru dengan mengajukan pertanyaan pada diri sendiri. Pertanyaan-pertanyaan tersebut hendaknya berpedoman pada kata-kata kunci berikut:
Apakah saya merasakan bahwa terdapat masalah di kelas saya?
Mengapa masalah tersebut dapat terjadi ?
Apa dampak dari masalah tersebut bagi kelas saya?
Apa yang terjadi bila masalah tersebut tidak saya atasi?
Apa yang perlu saya lakukan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut?
dan seterusnya
Untuk menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan di atas, Anda perlu melakukan refleksi. Yang dimaksud refleksi dalam konteks PTK adalah berpikir reflektif (reflective thinking). Salah satu aspek tentang cara melakukan berpikir reflektif adalah melakukan monitoring tentang hal-hal yang sudah dilakukan guru pada saat mengajar di kelas, antara lain seperti berikut:
Pertama, berpikir tentang kegiatan mengajar di kelasnya secara umum (comprehensive teaching)
Kedua, mengingat kembali tentang pelajaran-pelajaran tertentu yang dirasakan bermasalah
Ketiga, berpikir tentang bagaimana membantu siswa secara invidual.
Hasil (output) dari berpikir reflektif diimplementasikan dalam bentuk:
Pertama, catatan berkala (journal writing)
Kedua, pertemuan dengan teman sejawat untuk berdiskusi
Ketiga, berdiam diri untuk melakukan dialog dengan diri sendiri
Keempat, mempelajari kembali peta manajemen kelas yang sudah Anda lakukan selama ini, apakah perlu melakukan perubahan?
Kelima, memfokuskan pikiran atau memonitor berdasarkan pertanyaan-pertanyaan berikut:
Apakah saya sudah menjadi guru yang baik?
Bagaimana cara saya mengajar di kelas?
Bagaimana saya sudah mengelola kelas dengan baik?
Selama ini, bagaimana cara saya berinteraksi dengan siswa?
Bagaimana saya dapat menemukan metode mengajar yang efektif dan siswa saya mencapai prestasi yang baik?
Melalui proses berpikir reflektif di atas, Anda sebagai guru akan mampu mengidentifikasi permasalahan pembelajaran yang terjadi di kelas Anda. Sebagai guru, lakukan cara berpikir reflektif tersebut. Cara berpikir reflektif dilakukan melalui proses analisis dan sintesis serta induksi dan deduksi. Jawaban dari pertanyaan di atas dijabarkan dalam bentuk Hipotesis Tindakan.
Demikianlah penjelasan singkat tentang Identifikasi masalah penelitian tindakan kelas PTK
Sumber: I G.A.K. Wardhani, Kuswaya Wihardit. Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. 2016. Tanggerang Selatan: Penerbit Universitas Terbuka
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