MENGENAL BANK PERKREDITAN RAKYAT
MENGENAL BANK PERKREDITAN RAKYAT
Mengenal Bank Perkreditan Rakyat atau BPR yang telah ada di Indonesia jauh sebelum Indonesia merdeka tahun 1945. Keberadaan BPR berawal dari keinginan untuk membantu para petani, pegawai, dan buruh untuk melepaskan diri dari jerat pelepas uang (rentenir) yang memberikan kredit dengan bunga tinggi.
Baca Juga: Sejarah Bank Perkreditan Rakyat
Tahun 1988, merupakan momentum bagi perkembangan BPR di Indonesia. Pada tahun 1988 Pemerintah mengeluarkan Paket Kebijakan Oktober 1988 (PAKTO 1988) melalui Keputusan Presiden RI No.38 yang menjadi momentum awal pendirian BPR-BPR baru. Kebijakan tersebut memberikan kejelasan mengenai keberadaan dan kegiatan usaha “Bank Perkreditan Rakyat” atau BPR.
Pada tahun 1992, keberadaan BPR tersebut menjadi semakin semakin jelas dengan diberlakukannya Undang-Undang No.7 tahun 1992 tentang Perbankan. Dalam Undang-Undang tersebut BPR diberikan landasan hukum yang jelas sebagai salah satu jenis bank selain Bank Umum.
Kegiatan operasional BPR meliputi:
- menghimpun dana dari masyarakat dalam bentuk simpanan berupa deposito berjangka, tabungan, dan/atau bentuk lainnya yang dipersamakan dengan itu;
- memberikan kredit;
- menyediakan pembiayaan dan penempatan dana berdasarkan Prinsip Syariah, sesuai dengan ketentuan yang ditetapkan oleh Bank Indonesia.
- menempatkan dananya dalam bentuk Sertifikat Bank Indonesia (SBI), deposito berjangka, sertifikat deposito, dan/atau tabungan pada bank lain.
Kegiatan BPRS meliputi:
- menghimpun dana dari masyarakat dalam bentuk:
- Simpanan berupa Tabungan atau yang dipersamakan dengan itu berdasarkan Akad wadi’ah atau Akad lain yang tidak bertentangan dengan Prinsip Syariah; dan
- Investasi berupa Deposito atau Tabungan atau bentuk lainnya yang dipersamakan dengan itu berdasarkan Akad mudharabah atau Akad lain yang tidak bertentangan dengan Prinsip Syariah.
- menyalurkan dana kepada masyarakat dalam bentuk:
- Pembiayaan bagi hasil berdasarkan Akad mudharabah atau musyarakah;Pembiayaan berdasarkan Akad murabahah, salam, atau istishna’;
- Pembiayaan berdasarkan Akad qardh;
- Pembiayaan penyewaan barang bergerak atau tidak bergerak kepada Nasabah berdasarkan Akad ijarah atau sewa beli dalam bentuk ijarah muntahiya bittamlik;
- pengambilalihan utang berdasarkan Akad hawalah.
- menempatkan dana pada Bank Syariah lain dalam bentuk titipan berdasarkan Akad wadi’ah atau Investasi berdasarkan Akad mudharabah dan/atau Akad lain yang tidak bertentangan dengan Prinsip Syariah;
- memindahkan uang, baik untuk kepentingan sendiri maupun untuk kepentingan Nasabah melalui rekening Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah yang ada di Bank Umum Syariah, Bank Umum Konvensional, dan UUS; dan
- menyediakan produk atau melakukan kegiatan usaha Bank Syariah lainnya yang sesuai dengan Prinsip Syariah berdasarkan persetujuan Bank Indonesia.
Baca Juga: Tokoh Manajemen Ilmiah
Referensi :
Murti Lestari. 2015. Bank dan Lembaga Keuangan Nonbank. Penerbit Universitas Terbuka: Tanggerang Selatan. Hal 4.33
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